英国留学生作业代写:功利主义

Keywords:英国留学生作业代写:功利主义

功利主义与义务论在许多伦理原则上形成对比。功利主义是不考虑个人偏好的主体中立，义务论是相对主体，考虑个人偏好。功利主义也有一个广泛的目标，那就是使幸福和效用最大化，而义务论则允许道德决定由个人利益和自己的道德原则驱动。与义务论不同的是，功利主义并不是与主体相关的，而是与主体无关的，它导致功利主义者忽视个人利益和观点，而倾向于最大化整体效用。功利主义不能解释人的道德个性。一个功利主义者，不像义务论者，宁愿让一个人做一些他们不喜欢的好事，而义务论者则允许一个人考虑自己的利益，考虑道德决策中的其他选择。在这篇文章中，我将会对比功利主义和义务论在特殊义务、选择和约束、义务论中所看到的主题以及这些观点的缺乏是如何导致义务论者对义务论的批判的。为了把握这两种道德标准的区别，理解这些理论的基础是很重要的。从功利主义开始，这种方法重视福利或效用。这种方法的首要目标是过这样一种生活:在努力最大化效用的过程中做出累积的决定。这种方法也使个人受到同样的重视。由于没有一个人比另一个人更受重视，一个功利主义者可以看到，如果这样做会产生更多的效用，那么他就会重视多数人而不是少数人。这种观点被义务论批评为没有考虑到个人的利益和个人价值。
英国留学生作业代写:功利主义
Utilitarianism and deontology contrast on many ethical principles. Utilitarianism is agent-neutral disregarding individual preferences, whereas deontology is agent-relative and takes a person’s preferences into account. Utilitarianism also has a broad goal to maximize well-being and utility while deontology allows moral decisions to be driven by personal interest and one’s own moral principles. Utilitarianism is not agent-relative, unlike deontology, instead it is agent-neutral which causes utilitarians to overlook individual interest and opinion in favor of maximizing overall utility. Utilitarianism does not account for the moral individuality of people. A utilitarian, unlike a deontologist, would rather have someone do something they dislike for the prospect of the good while a deontologist would allow a person to consider their own interests and account for other options in the moral decision making. In this paper, I will be contrasting the opinions of utilitarianism and deontology on the points of special obligations, options and constraints, topics seen in deontology, and how the lack of these point in utilitarianism cause it to be criticized by deontologist.In order to grasp the difference in which these two moral standards view people as individuals, it’s important to understand the basis of these theories. Starting with utilitarianism, this approach values well-being or utility. The overarching goal of this approach is to lead a life where cumulated decisions are made in the effort to maximizing utility. This approach also hold individuals to be valued the same. Since no one person is valued more than another, a utilitarian could be seen to value the many over the few if doing so would accrue more utility. This particular view is criticized by deontology for not considering a person’s own interest and personal values.