英国巴斯大学论文代写:缺氧和酸中毒

Keywords:英国巴斯大学论文代写:缺氧和酸中毒

直接并发症是继发于缺氧和酸中毒。最直接的威胁是对心血管系统的影响。缺氧和酸中毒可导致心律失常，包括心室颤动和心律失常。心肌损伤可引起心源性休克。监测和维持血管内容积和血压。中心静脉压(CVP)监测在需要重症监护的患者中是有用的。吸入淡水或盐水会改变表面活性剂的功能，对肺泡和肺毛细血管造成损伤。毛细血管通透性增加会加重缺氧。连续脉冲血氧仪是有用的。早期使用高水平呼气末正压补充氧有助于逆转低氧血症。中枢神经系统的影响取决于缺氧的严重程度和持续时间。可能发生缺氧后脑低灌注。低氧神经元损伤引起的脑水肿和颅内压升高是常见的现象，但研究表明，对颅内压的侵入性监测在溺水事件中既无作用也无必要。由于继发性细菌感染，接近溺水的患者经常发生肺炎。预防性抗生素是否有益仍有争议。化学性肺炎也不是不常见，尤其是在氯化或严重污染的水池中发生浸没时。
英国巴斯大学论文代写:缺氧和酸中毒
Immediate complications are secondary to hypoxia and acidosis. The immediate threat is the effect on the cardiovascular system. Hypoxia and acidosis may lead to cardiac dysrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Myocardial damage may lead to cardiogenic shock. Monitor and maintain intravascular volume and blood pressure. Central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring is useful in those patients requiring intensive care.Aspiration of fresh or salt water alters the function of surfactant, causing injury to the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. Increased capillary permeability can worsen the hypoxia. Continuous pulse oximetry is useful. The early use of supplemental oxygen with high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure is helpful in reversing hypoxemia.Central nervous system effects depend on the severity and duration of hypoxia. Post hypoxic cerebral hypo perfusion may occur. Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension secondary to hypoxic neuronal injury is frequently observed, but studies have shown that invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure is neither useful nor necessary in near-drowning incidents.Near-drowning patients frequently develop pneumonia, often due to secondary bacterial infections. Whether prophylactic antibiotics are beneficial is still controversial. Chemical pneumonitis also is not infrequent, especially if the submersion occurs in chlorinated or severely contaminated pools.