英国西密德兰论文代写:公共福利

Keywords:英国西密德兰论文代写

具有社会政治意识形态的国家认为教育是一种公共福利，因此，应该是免费的或相当可观的补贴。这种意识形态要求社会成为高等教育的主要受益者，并主张如果有政治意愿和适当的领导，就可以提出实质性的累进税。这种税将覆盖成本的教育，让学生，尤其是穷人，有平等的受教育机会（约翰斯通，2003）。此前，在大多数发展中国家的高等教育主要由政府提供（Psacharopoulos，1986），如撒哈拉以南非洲的多数（帖费拉，2013）（麦克加文，1991）、印度（提拉克，1995）和中国（程，1995）。然而，Psacharopoulos（1986）认为这种制度缺乏可持续性、效率和质量。事实上，直到20世纪60年代，英国大多数大学都由国家资助。如图2所示，从公共资金的转移增加了英国高等教育的参与率（海恩斯，2003）。
英国西密德兰论文代写:公共福利
Countries with socio-political ideologies consider education to be a public good and, consequently, should be free or considerably subsidised. This ideology claims the society to be the major beneficiary of higher education and asserts substantial taxes can be raised, progressive in nature, if there is political will and proper leadership. Such taxes will cover costs of education, allowing students, especially among the poor, to have equal access to education (Johnstone, 2003).Previously, higher education in most developing countries was predominantly financed and provided by the government (Psacharopoulos, 1986), such as majority of Sub-Saharan Africa (Teferra, 2013) (McGavin, 1991), India (Tilak, 1995) and China (Cheng, 1995).  However, Psacharopoulos (1986) argues such a system lacks sustainability, efficiency and quality. In fact, till the 1960s most universities in the UK were funded by the state. As seen in figure 2, the shift away from public funding has increased the participation rate in higher education in the UK (Haynes, 2003).